ʻO ka holo ʻana i ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo hiki ke manaʻo e like me ke kaua mau - kanu ʻoe, wai ʻoe, kali ʻoe ... ʻO nā aphids, thrips, whiteflies - ʻike ʻia nā pests mai kahi ʻē aʻe, a me he mea lā ʻo ka pīpī ʻana i nā kemika wale nō ke ala e mālama ai.
Akā, pehea inā he ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi?
ʻO ka Integrated Pest Management (IPM) kahi ala naʻauao, hoʻomau e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomalu i nā pest me ka hilinaʻi ʻole i ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i ka pesticide. ʻAʻole ia e pili ana i ka pane ʻana - e pili ana i ka pale ʻana. A hana ia.
E hele kāua i nā hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi, nā mea hana, a me nā hana maikaʻi loa e hoʻolilo ai i ka IPM i mea kaua huna o kāu hale kōmaena.
He aha ka IPM a no ke aha i ʻokoʻa ai?
ʻO ka IPM ke kū neiHoʻoponopono Pest Integrated. He ʻano hana ʻepekema ʻo ia e hoʻohui i nā ʻenehana he nui e mālama i ka heluna pest ma lalo o nā pae pōʻino - ʻoiai e hōʻemi ana i ka pōʻino i nā kānaka, nā mea kanu, a me ke kaiapuni.
Ma mua o ka loaʻa mua ʻana i nā kemika, ʻike ka IPM i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hana pest, hoʻoikaika i ke olakino mea kanu, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe e mālama i ke kaulike. E noʻonoʻo e like me ka hoʻokele ʻana i kahi kaiaola - ʻaʻole e pepehi wale i nā pōpoki.
I loko o hoʻokahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma Netherlands, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka IPM i hōʻemi i nā noi kemika ma 70%, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā mea kanu, a hoʻowalewale i nā mea kūʻai ʻike kaiaola.
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 1: Nānā a ʻike mua i nā mea ʻino
ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hakakā i ka mea āu e ʻike ʻole ai. Hoʻomaka ka IPM kūpono memākaʻikaʻi mau. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana i kāu mau mea kanu, nā pahele paʻa, a me nā wahi ulu no nā hōʻailona mua o ka pilikia.
He aha e nānā ai:
ʻO ka wehe ʻana, ka ʻili ʻana, a i ʻole nā lua o nā lau
ʻO ke koena paʻa (i waiho pinepine ʻia e nā aphids a i ʻole nā lele keʻokeʻo)
Hoʻopili ʻia nā pepeke makua i nā pahele lāʻau melemele a uliuli paha
E hoʻohana i kahi microscope paʻa lima a i ʻole aniani hoʻonui e ʻike i nā ʻano pest. ʻO ka ʻike inā e pili ana ʻoe i nā gnats fungus a i ʻole thrips e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ke ʻano hoʻomalu kūpono.
Ma Chengfei Greenhouse, hoʻohana ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i nā mea hana palapala pest pest kikohoʻe e nānā i nā maʻi ʻino i ka manawa maoli, e kōkua ana i nā mea ulu e pane wikiwiki a naʻauao.
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 2: Kāohi i nā Pests Ma mua o ko lākou hōʻea ʻana
ʻO ka pale ʻana he kia o IPM. ʻAʻole maikaʻi nā mea kanu olakino a me nā wahi maʻemaʻe i nā pests.
Nā hana pale nui:
E kau i ka ʻupena pepeke ma nā puka makani a me nā puka
E hoʻohana i nā ʻōnaehana komo puka ʻelua e kaupalena i ke komo ʻana i nā pest
E mālama pono i ka ea a pale i ka wai nui
E hoʻopau i nā mea hana a wehe mau i nā ʻōpala o nā mea kanu
He mea kōkua nō hoʻi ke koho ʻana i nā ʻano mea kanu pale-pest. Hoʻopuka kekahi mau mea kanu kukama i nā lauoho lau e pale ai i nā nalo keʻokeʻo, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kekahi mau ʻano tōmato i nā aphids.
ʻO kahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma Sepania i hoʻohui i ka nānā ʻana i nā pest-proof, kaohi ʻana i ke aniau, a me nā ʻauʻau wāwae ma nā wahi komo - e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana ma o 50%.
KaʻAnuʻu 3: E hoʻohana i nā Mana Ola
Ma kahi o nā kemika, hilinaʻi ʻo IPMmau enemi maoli. ʻO kēia nā ʻupena maikaʻi a i ʻole nā mea ola e ʻai i nā mea ʻino me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻana i kāu mau mea kanu.
ʻO nā hoʻokele biological kaulana i loaʻa:
ʻO Aphidius colemani: he nalo liʻiliʻi e hoʻopā i nā aphids
Phytoseiulus persimilis: he mite hoʻomāʻewaʻewa e ʻai ana i nā mite spider
Encarsia formosa: hoouka i ka whitefly larvaeRelease manawa mea nui. E hoʻolauna mua i nā mea ʻaihue, ʻoiai he haʻahaʻa nā helu pest. Nui nā mea hoʻolako i kēia manawa ke hāʻawi nei i nā "bio-boxes" - nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia e maʻalahi ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā pono, ʻoiai no nā mea ulu liʻiliʻi.
Ma Kanada, ua hoʻohui kekahi mea kanu ʻōmato pāʻoihana i nā wasps Encarsia me nā mea kanu panakō no ka mālama ʻana i nā nalo keʻokeʻo ma waena o 2 mau ʻeka - me ka ʻole o ka pesticide hoʻokahi i nā kau āpau.
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 4: E hoʻomaʻemaʻe
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi e kōkua i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pōʻai ola kino. Hoʻomoe nā pests i nā hua ma ka lepo, nā ʻōpala, a me nā mea kanu. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i kāu hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo e paʻakikī iā lākou ke hoʻi mai.
Nā hana maikaʻi loa:
Wehe i nā mauʻu a me nā mea kanu kahiko mai nā wahi ulu
Maʻemaʻe nā noho, nā papahele, a me nā mea hana me nā disinfectants mālie
E hoʻololi i nā mea kanu a pale i ka ulu ʻana i ka hua like ma ka wahi hoʻokahi
E hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea kanu hou ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana iā lākou
He nui nā māla ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kēia manawa e hoʻonohonoho i nā "lā maʻemaʻe" i kēlā me kēia pule ma ke ʻano o kā lākou papahana IPM, e hāʻawi ana i nā hui like ʻole e kālele i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka nānā ʻana, a me ka mālama ʻana.
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 5: E hoʻohana i nā kemika - me ka naʻauao a me ka liʻiliʻi
ʻAʻole hoʻopau ʻo IPM i nā pesticides - hoʻohana wale iama ke ano he hana hope loa, a me ka pololei.
E koho i nā mea ʻawaʻawa haʻahaʻa, nā huahana koho i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pest akā mālama i nā iniseti maikaʻi. E hoʻololi mau i nā mea hana e pale ai i ke kū'ē. E noi wale i nā wahi wela, ʻaʻole i ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo holoʻokoʻa.
Aia kekahi mau hoʻolālā IPMbiopesticides, e like me ka aila neem a i ʻole nā huahana Bacillus, e hana mālie a wāwahi koke i ke kaiapuni.
Ma Australia, hoʻokahi mea kanu letus i hōʻike i ka mālama ʻana i 40% ma nā kumukūʻai kemika ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i manaʻo ʻia inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā paepae pest.
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 6: E hoʻopaʻa, nānā, hana hou
ʻAʻohe papahana IPM i pau me ka ʻolemālama moʻolelo. E hahai i nā ʻike pest, nā ʻano lapaʻau, nā lā hoʻokuʻu o nā mea pōmaikaʻi, a me nā hopena.
Kōkua kēia ʻikepili iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā mamana, hoʻoponopono i nā hoʻolālā, a hoʻolālā i mua. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kāu hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo - a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kāu pilikia pest.
Ke hoʻohana nei ka nui o nā mea ulu i nā polokalamu kelepona a i ʻole nā platform e pili ana i ke ao e hoʻopaʻa inoa i nā ʻike a hoʻohua i nā papa hana lapaʻau.
No ke aha e hana ai ka IPM no nā mea ulu o kēia lā
ʻAʻole pili wale ʻo IPM i ka mālama ʻana i nā pest - he ala ia e mahiʻai akamai ai. Ma ka nānā ʻana i ka pale ʻana, ke kaulike, a me nā hoʻoholo i hoʻoholo ʻia i ka ʻikepili, hoʻolilo ʻo IPM i kāu hale kōmaena i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka paʻa, a ʻoi aku ka waiwai.
Wehe pū ia i nā puka i nā mākeke premium. Pono ka nui o nā palapala hōʻoia organik i nā ala IPM. ʻOi aku ka makemake o ka poʻe kūʻai ʻike Eco i nā huahana i ulu me ka liʻiliʻi o nā kemika - a makemake lākou e uku hou aku no ia.
Mai nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻohana liʻiliʻi a hiki i nā mahiʻai akamai ʻoihana, lilo ʻo IPM i mea maʻamau hou.
Mākaukau e ho'ōki i ka hahai ʻana i nā pests a hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana iā lākou me ka naʻauao? ʻO IPM ka wā e hiki mai ana - a me kāuhale ʻōmaʻomaʻopono ia.
Welina mai e kūkākūkā hou me mākou.
leka uila:Lark@cfgreenhouse.com
Kelepona: +86 19130604657
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-25-2025
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